A large country house is the dream of many families. But in order for the building to be comfortable for living, it is necessary to provide for the presence of all necessary communications in it at the design stage. One of them is ventilation.

An established air exchange system in the house will provide:

• supply of oxygen to the premises;
• protecting rooms from dampness, mold and mildew;
• comfortable living conditions and optimal sanitary conditions for human life.

Which rooms need ventilation?

For normal life, a person needs pure oxygen. Therefore, its supply should be ensured in living rooms, such as the bedroom, living room, and children's room. Service areas in the house (bathroom, etc.) also need constant circulation. Here there is often high humidity and accumulation of odors that need to be removed outside. Ventilation of these premises will reduce the formation of dust, dirt, excessive stuffiness, condensation, the spread of harmful microorganisms, and mold.

Ventilation system, methods of organization

There are two main types of air exchange arrangement in residential buildings:

• natural (natural);
• mechanical (forced).

Features of the arrangement and principle of operation of natural ventilation of a private house

Natural air exchange in residential buildings is carried out based on the difference in pressure inside and outside the house, as well as the effect of wind on the building. How it works?

The temperature inside the house is higher than outside, so the oxygen there has a lighter structure. Thanks to this, he climbs the shafts and goes out into the street. A vacuum arises in the room, which draws fresh air from the street through the openings in the building envelope. The incoming masses have a heavy structure, so they are located at the bottom of the premises. Under their influence, light warm air is forced out of the rooms.

The wind accelerates the circulation of air masses. As the difference in temperature inside and outside the cottage and wind speed increases, the supply of freshness to the house increases. Previously, the places where it entered were leaks in windows, doors, and porous walls. But modern insulation systems, as well as plastic windows, are designed so that there are no gaps in them for air supply. In this case, the inflow is carried out through special valves mounted in the windows or walls of the building.

Waste oxygen enters the openings of the vertical ventilation ducts of the house, located in the kitchen and bathroom, and is discharged outside through them. Replenishment of fresh water occurs through ventilation (opening windows, doors, transoms).

Advantages and disadvantages of the system

Natural air exchange in the house has the following advantages:

• efficiency. The movement of air flows is carried out without the use of additional equipment;
• no accidents. The ventilation design is extremely simple, does not depend on the power supply, and does not require regular maintenance;
• quiet operation;
• Possibility of combination with filtration and air conditioning systems.

The main disadvantage of natural ventilation is poor air exchange, which leads to the formation of condensation, the accumulation of unpleasant odors, and the occurrence of mold and mildew. This threatens not only the gradual destruction of the house, but also the health of the people living in it.

The natural ventilation system does not allow you to regulate the volume of air removed and supplied to the premises. The recycled stream either does not have time to be discharged outside, or is removed too quickly, causing heat loss in the house. In the summer, when the temperature inside and outside the house is almost the same, the draft disappears and the air movement in the system stops. Therefore, natural circulation is practically not used in modern house construction. It is used in combination with a mechanical system.

Forced ventilation - features, types

This is an artificially organized system, the movement of oxygen in which is carried out through the use of injection devices (fans, pumps, compressors). It is used in private buildings where natural ventilation is not provided or does not work. Advantages of mechanical organization:

• works autonomously, regardless of weather conditions (pressure, temperature, wind);
• allows you to prepare the air supplied to the premises to a comfortable state (heat/cool, humidify/dry, purify).

Disadvantages of the forced scheme for mansions:

• significant costs for setting up the system, purchasing equipment, paying for electricity;
• the need for regular maintenance.

Mechanical air exchange in a private house can be arranged in several ways. There are different types of ventilation:

• supply - provides forced supply from the outside;
• exhaust - removes the processed flow from the premises mechanically;
• supply and exhaust - inflow and supply in the house are organized artificially.

Supply ventilation in a private house

This system is designed to replace exhaust air in the house with fresh air. It consists of:

• air intake;
• heating and cooling devices;
• cleaning filters;
• devices supplying air to rooms;
• sound-absorbing devices.

Through the air valve, clean air enters the system, is subject to certain processing, filtered, and, using a fan, is distributed throughout the rooms in the house. Getting into the rooms, it displaces the waste stream. The supplied air can be additionally cooled or heated.

Supply ventilation systems are:

• duct - air circulation is carried out through pipes;
• channelless - the flow is supplied to the room through holes in the walls and windows.

According to the device method, they are distinguished:

• stacked ventilation systems consisting of separate units connected by one air duct;
• monoblock - all devices are collected in one compact housing.

Supply installation schemes have the following advantages:

• the ability to regulate the temperature and volume of oxygen supplied;
• compact dimensions;
• functionality (they have additional devices for cleaning, heating, cooling the supplied air);
• ease of installation and maintenance.

The disadvantages of this type of ventilation can be identified:

• noisiness. During operation, the system units produce sounds, so it is necessary to provide a noise suppressor and install the equipment away from the living rooms in the house;
• the need for space to install all its elements (this will be required when installing a typesetting system);
• need for regular maintenance.

Exhaust ventilation in a private house

When installing this system, clean air enters the rooms through windows, doors, and special valves, and exhaust air is removed using exhaust fans. These devices are installed in the most problematic areas of the house (kitchen, bathroom); they come in wall and duct types.

Pros of this installation:

• control of the volume of exhaust air;
• independence from environmental conditions;
• ease of installation.

Among the disadvantages of the system:

• inability to control the amount of air supplied to the house;
• costs for the purchase of equipment, electricity;
• the need for regular maintenance.

Ventilation using supply and exhaust units

How to make ventilation in a private house with metal-plastic windows, finished with modern thermal insulation materials? To do this, you need a high-quality system that allows you to supply fresh air and remove exhaust air automatically. Air handling units will solve this problem.

They provide for the organization of two parallel flows:

• for exhaust air removal;
• for serving fresh.

These installations allow you to regulate the volume of output and supply flows, allowing you to maintain an optimal level of humidity in the premises of the house. Main elements of the supply and exhaust system:

• air ducts - intended for supplying and removing air masses. They form two parallel lines, consisting of pipes and fittings (tees, rotating elements). Air ducts differ in shape (round, rectangular), cross-sectional area, rigidity (made of aluminum foil, galvanized sheet, plastic);
• fan - provides the pressure in the ventilation system necessary for supplying and removing air. It can be installed on the roof of the building, directly in the air duct, or on a special support;
• air intake grille - through them, air from the street enters the supply channel. Also, these elements protect the system from foreign objects, rodents, birds, and precipitation;
• air valve - prevents air from entering the system when it is off. It can operate on an electric drive, in automatic mode, and can also be equipped with electric heating that prevents freezing of the sashes;
• filters - protect ventilated rooms and the system itself from insects, dust, and other small particles. They require regular cleaning (recommended once a month);
• heater - heats the air supplied to the premises during the cold season. This device can be water (suitable for large cottages) and electric (used in small houses);
• noise mufflers - prevent sounds from operating devices from spreading through the pipe system. They are tubular, plate, chamber, cellular. Once air enters them, it passes through special barriers (perforated channels, tubes or plates), as a result of which its intensity decreases. Installing a silencer is not always necessary. Sometimes, to reduce the intensity of sounds in the system, it is enough to reduce the speed of the installation and ensure sound insulation of the fans;
• air intakes and distributors. The first serve to enter the flow into the system, the second - to distribute it evenly throughout the room. These elements are presented in the form of grilles and diffusers of round and rectangular shapes. They are mounted on the walls or ceiling of the room;
• control system. It can be mechanical (represented by a switch) or automatic (operation is regulated by a remote control). Its main elements are thermo- and hydrostats, pressure gauges;
• security system - represented by a set of additional devices that protect ventilation elements from overheating and power surges.

An improved model of supply and exhaust ventilation is a recovery type system. It ensures efficient circulation in the house without loss of heat. This ventilation system is equipped with a recuperator, which allows reducing the cost of heating air coming from the street. The influent masses are heated by the heat of recycled streams removed from the house. This is the most effective and energy-efficient way to organize air exchange in residential buildings, although it is the most expensive.

Gas ventilation in a private house

The presence of gas appliances in the house places increased demands on the arrangement of circulation in the premises. Impaired traction can cause poisoning from combustion products.

Oxygen is required for normal operation of gas installations. If there is not enough of it, the air in the room is discharged. As a result, reverse draft occurs, and instead of the chimney, combustion products enter the surrounding space. They can cause malaise, severe headaches, loss of consciousness in a person, and even complete respiratory arrest.

Requirements for ventilation of a gas boiler room

Air exchange in a room with a heating device running on natural gas must be organized in accordance with the following technical requirements:

• there are no more than two gas units per chimney;
• combustion products must enter the chimney from different levels (from a distance of more than 50 cm). With a single-level supply, a cut of the same height is installed in the channel;
• To prevent soot and carbon monoxide from leaking into the house, the boiler ventilation system should be sealed. Processing of joints and seams is carried out with material resistant to high temperatures;
• all elements of the exchange system must be thermally insulated to prevent fire.

Ventilation of the boiler room is constructed on the basis of the following calculation: air outflow = air exchange x 3.

Air supply = outflow + volume of oxygen required for the combustion process.

Methods for ventilating a gas boiler room

Air exchange in the room where gas equipment is located can be organized using:

• natural and mechanical ventilation based on draft. Natural circulation is the result of a pressure difference inside the house and outside. During mechanical ventilation, draft is generated by a fan;
• supply, exhaust, or combined ventilation systems, organized according to their intended purpose. Air forced into the room puts pressure on the exhaust flow, pushing it out. Also, oxygen can be supplied to the boiler room naturally and removed mechanically. A combined (supply and exhaust) system will allow you to organize the ventilation of the room automatically, which works effectively in any weather, since the supply and exhaust are carried out mechanically;
• channelless or channel (depending on the design of the cottage). In the first case, the boiler room is connected through holes to another room, from where the waste stream is discharged into the air duct. In the second case, a complex system of pipes is laid to ensure exchange in all rooms of the house.

Advice: to improve the natural ventilation of a gas boiler room, it is better to additionally install an exhaust fan, which will ensure the movement of air masses in the absence of draft.

Closed-type heating devices operating on natural gas are equipped with a coaxial (double) ventilation duct. Through its inner pipe, combustion products are removed, and through the outer pipe, fresh air is supplied to the burner.

If a gas boiler with an open combustion chamber is installed in the house, you should:

• install a pipe to remove carbon monoxide to the street;
• arrange a general air exchange system in the room;
• arrange the supply of oxygen to the boiler.

Note: oxygen can enter the room from the street through cracks and gaps in windows and doors. If the room is sealed hermetically, you will need to organize a forced air supply.

Proper ventilation in a private home

Organizing oxygen exchange will ensure a favorable microclimate in the house, the health of its inhabitants and the safety of the structure itself. How to arrange it correctly?

Norms and rules for home ventilation

To create optimal conditions for human life in the residential and office premises of a cottage, it is necessary that 60 m 3 of oxygen (minimum 20 m 3) enter each of them in 1 hour. Comfortable air humidity is 50%, and its exchange rate is 0.5 m/s.

This can be achieved through proper system design. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the air exchange rate for rooms for different purposes. For a bathroom this figure is 50 m3, a common bathroom - 25 m3, a kitchen - 90 m3. Not only office rooms, but also living rooms and utility rooms should be ventilated. To form a calculated hood, it is necessary to sum up the air exchange rates of each compartment of the house. In this case, it is desirable that actual ventilation exceeds the minimum standards.

Designing an air exchange system in a house

Development of a home ventilation project includes:

• selection of equipment;
• drawing up a communications wiring diagram taking into account architectural, construction, sanitary, and economic criteria.

The purpose of this work is to develop a system that will cope with the supply and exhaust of air, within the estimated volume calculated for the house. The design must not only ensure uninterrupted ventilation of the premises, but also free access to all structural elements (assemblies, chambers). This is necessary for quick troubleshooting and regular maintenance.

For circulation to work well, it is important to carefully select all equipment. It should last as long as possible. The devices used should not spoil the architecture of the house, so it is better to install them in a hidden way.

When designing cottage ventilation, it is important that the system complies with sanitary and epidemiological standards. It must not only cope with the supply/removal of air masses, but also operate as silently as possible. Don't forget about the efficiency of the system. But the desire to reduce installation costs should not affect the quality of the installation. The main design task is to develop the optimal ventilation option for the house, taking into account all the above criteria.

The preparation of a project by a contractor begins with the formation of technical specifications. It contains all the criteria by which the ventilation system should be laid, as well as the customer’s wishes.

Calculation of ventilation in a private house

The operation of the system depends on whether the volume of air supplied and exhausted corresponds to the conditions of the house. This can be calculated using special formulas. The basis is the house plan, which indicates the purpose and area of ​​each room.

First, the air exchange rate is calculated - an indicator that determines how many times in 1 hour the air in the room is completely changed. For most residential premises it can be single, for kitchens, bathrooms, boiler rooms - 2-3 times. It is also necessary to take into account the people living in the house.

The air exchange rate is calculated using the formula: L(air supply unit capacity, m3/h) = n(multiplicity rate for a specific room) *V(room volume).

Calculation of air exchange, taking into account the number of people living in the house, is carried out according to the formula: L = N(number of residents) * L(air intended for one person is the norm). When performing physical activity, one individual needs air renewal - 30 m 3 / h, in a calm state - 20 m 3 / h.

Please note: having calculated the air exchange rate by the frequency and the number of residents, they are guided by the larger of these values.

Equipment selection

Criteria by which the main system settings are selected:

• power, performance;
• operating pressure;
• noise level emitted.

The speed of movement along the highways directly depends on their cross-section, as well as the power of the fan. But you should also take into account that the air ducts provide a certain resistance, which reduces the performance of the air handling unit.

Note: the productivity of the cottage ventilation system should be in the range of 1000-3000 m 3 /h.

At the stage of developing a feasibility study, the type, quantity and power of system elements are determined, its preliminary cost is compiled, and optimization adjustments are made. After this, a working design is drawn up, based on high-precision calculations of air exchange and heat release of a particular house. The devices and air distributors in it are selected according to.

Ventilation diagram for a private house

The air distribution network consists of pipes, fittings (rotating elements, splitters, adapters), distribution devices (diffusers, grilles). Based on this, you can determine:

• fan operating pressure - it depends on the technical parameters of the unit, the type and diameter of the air ducts, the number of rotating and connecting elements, and the air distributors used. The longer the line and the more different connectors, turns, and adapters there are on it, the greater the pressure the fan should create;
• the speed of movement of air masses depends on the diameter of the highways. For residential buildings this is 2.5-4 m/s;
• noise level - depends on the cross-section of the highways and the speed of air movement along them. Quiet operation of the ventilation system will be ensured by large diameter pipes. If it is not possible to install them, use lines with a cross-section of 160-250 mm, equipped with distribution grids 20x20, or 20x30 cm.

According to the interstate standard (GOST 21.602-2003), the diagram must show all elements of the ventilation system. They are designated by certain symbols and signed.

To make it comfortable and safe for a person, it is necessary to organize its ventilation. This will not only provide a favorable microclimate, but will also extend the operational life of the structure itself. There are several types of indoor air exchange arrangements. The choice of a specific system depends on the area, design features of the house, the number of people living in it, and the budget. For it to work effectively, it is better to entrust its planning and installation to professionals with experience in this field.

In a private home, it can significantly improve the indoor microclimate. In assembly, such structures are not too complicated and, if desired, can be installed with your own hands. We will talk about the features of the technology for performing such work, as well as how to make a hood in a private house, later in the article.

Types of ventilation systems

At the moment, only two main types of such structures are used in country houses:

• In this case, only the outlet riser is installed. The flow of air is carried out through vents, cracks in the windows, or specially made holes behind the heating radiators. The disadvantage of such systems is considered primarily to be very low efficiency. In addition, in summer this design practically does not work at all due to the lack of temperature difference between the outside and inside the house.
• In this case, the contaminated air is removed using special fans. A supply air duct is also installed, supplying air from the street.

Kitchen hoods are usually attached to an existing forced ventilation system. In its absence, the output is made either to a natural exhaust shaft, or directly to the street.

Installation of natural ventilation

The assembly of such a system comes down mainly to installing an exhaust riser. Its upper part should protrude beyond the roof. Usually, as in city apartments, branches from it are made to the kitchen and toilet. In order to ensure the flow of fresh air into the apartment, in this case, holes with a diameter of 8-10 cm are drilled under the heating radiators. Special supply valves are inserted into them.

Ventilation in a private house, and how to properly make a ventilation system

In a suburban building, either a conventional design with air ducts and fans, or a more modern, expensive and convenient one with a recuperator can be installed. As for the complexity of installation, it is approximately the same for both systems. Only in the first case, the air is discharged directly to the street and taken from there. In the second, both flows pass through the recuperator. The latter is a device designed to take heat from the exhaust air and transfer it to the supply air. Thus, with a recuperator you can save on heating.

Types of kitchen hoods based on operating principle

Before we start figuring out how to make a hood in a private home, let's see what types of such devices are currently available. Structures designed to remove air from the stove can be divided into three main groups:

• Exhaust. This is a classic type designed to remove contaminated air from the stove into a ventilation shaft or to the street.
• Recirculation. Making a hood in a private house of this type means getting a fairly effective and at the same time reliable device. Such designs are essentially large air purifiers equipped with a filter system. Their main advantages are simplicity and low cost of installation. The disadvantage is the need to periodically (usually every six months) replace filters.
• Combined. These hoods can both exhaust air outside and purify it.

How to choose ventilation pipes

Below we will figure out how to make a hood in the house. The hood in a private house is usually connected to the main ventilation system. Therefore, first we will find out how such structures are mounted. Pipes for such systems can have a round or square cross-section. In addition, their diameter may also differ. Both metal and plastic types of air ducts are available. The former are characterized by maximum durability, the latter by light weight and ease of installation. Of particular note are the recently introduced flexible corrugated air ducts.

Which recuperator is better?

Many owners of country houses are interested in the question of whether it is possible to do the ventilation of a private house with their own hands. Of course, it is possible, including with a recuperator. The main thing is to choose the right device, in fact. At the moment, the most popular type is plate structures. The exhaust and supply air do not directly intersect with each other. Contact occurs through plates made of plastic or aluminum foil. The advantages of such devices include, first of all, simplicity of design, reliability and maintainability. The disadvantages are the possibility of icing of the plates in winter.

Drafting

So, let's start figuring out how to properly make a forced-type ventilation system for a private house with your own hands. Of course, before starting its installation, you should draw a wiring diagram. It is best to entrust the development of the project to specialists. This is a very responsible and quite complicated matter. When performing it, you need to take into account a lot of nuances. If the design is drawn up incorrectly, ventilation will not work effectively. In addition, such a nuisance as the appearance of a smell from the toilet or kitchen in the living rooms is possible.

Recuperator installation

A device for exchanging heat between air streams is usually installed in the attic or basement. The main rule that must be observed is the evenness and absolute horizontality of the stand.

The recuperator should be installed in an easily accessible place. The fact is that the owners of the house will in any case have to clean its plates from dirt at least twice a year.

Installation of main air ducts

Holes for air exhaust and intake are pre-drilled in the walls. Next, special pipes equipped with valves are inserted into them. Then they begin to install the main (supply and exhaust) air ducts. They can be attached to walls behind plasterboard or plywood, or behind suspended ceilings. Sometimes they are also carried out in interfloor ceilings. However, the inconvenience of this method lies in the inaccessibility of the elements in case of need for repairs.

Produced using special clamps. For plastic lungs, one per whole piece will be enough. The pitch between metal clamps is usually about 1.5 meters. One end of the main pipes is connected to the pipes in the walls, the other - to the corresponding pipes of the recuperator. In the instructions supplied with this device, the manufacturer indicates exactly how the air ducts should be connected.

Routing pipes throughout the premises

Proper distribution of pipes throughout the premises is also an important answer to the question of how to install a hood in a private house. The house is made by connecting its air duct to one of the branches heading to the kitchen. Sections leading to rooms requiring ventilation will need to be connected to the main highways. They are connected through special pipes and tees. Each room must have both an exhaust duct and a supply duct. It is better to install the first one near the ceiling, the second one - on the floor or at the bottom of the wall, closer to the heating radiator. Nozzles with adapters are inserted into the holes made in the house structures, onto which the air duct pipes are attached. They are covered with decorative grilles on top.

Kitchen hood in a private house: installation instructions

This device is mounted on a wall or furniture, depending on the design. According to regulations, the distance from it to the stove must be at least 65 cm for a gas stove and at least 45 cm for an electric stove. The air duct from the hood is attached to the place of the exhaust pipe grille or shaft. If there is no ventilation in the house, a hole is made in the wall for the air duct. In the latter case, it will be necessary to ensure a flow of fresh air into the kitchen. To do this, as when installing natural ventilation, holes should be drilled under windows or behind heating radiators and supply valves should be inserted into them, which can be purchased at a hardware store.

How to choose an exhaust duct

Thus, we briefly examined the question of how to make a hood in the house. A hood in a private home will only work effectively if the air ducts are selected correctly. At the moment, only two main types of corrugations for such kitchen devices are produced - plastic and metal. The former are already cut into pieces during the production process. If the exhaust hole is located in the wall opposite to the slab, one such segment may not be enough. Joints in the air ducts of kitchen hoods are extremely undesirable. Therefore, in this case it is better to purchase a metal corrugation. If the joints cannot be avoided for any reason, they must be sealed with sealant. The corrugation is hidden under a decorative box, which can be round, rectangular or square. The joints in it should also be sealed.

How to properly attach a recirculating hood

Making a hood in a private home also means correctly mounting the device body itself. It should be installed on the wall strictly according to the markings. To do this, first draw a horizontal line with a pencil. Next, two holes are drilled on it, coinciding with the brackets on the hood body. Then dowels are driven into the holes. Canopies are attached to them and screwed with screws. The device is hung on them.

Installation of dome devices

How to make a hood in a private house using a dome structure is also not a very difficult question. As in the first case, markings are first made for this variety. Devices of this type are mounted to the wall directly on the housing. Dowels and screws are used as fixing elements. Holes are drilled in the wall for them according to the markings.

What rules must be followed during installation?

So, we found out how to make a hood in a private house. When installing it, the following points should be taken into account:

• You need to plan the location of the device so that the air duct is as short as possible.
• The number of elbows should be kept to a minimum.
• If turns of the air duct cannot be avoided, you should try to make them not too steep.
• You should purchase an air duct with a smooth inner surface in order to reduce flow resistance to a minimum.

So, we have figured out how to make exhaust hood and ventilation in a private house. As you can see, this is not a particularly difficult matter. The most important thing is to develop the right project. This will make living in the house as comfortable as possible both in summer and winter.

The struggle for energy efficiency in homes leads to complete airtightness. When insulating rooms, people forget that the body requires fresh air for normal functioning. Stagnant air loses the oxygen content necessary for breathing. The lack of movement of air masses results in increased humidity and accumulation of harmful substances, so high-quality ventilation of the room is a vital necessity, especially since you can arrange it in a private home with your own hands.

How to start and important design points

To begin creating a normal circulation of air masses, it is necessary to begin with an assessment of the premises. The cubic capacity of the living space is calculated, taking into account the needs of a person who requires 10 m³ per hour for normal functioning. The system must supply each resident of the house with air in any area of ​​the living space. Depending on the design of the building, the communications used, and equipment, the type of ventilation is selected that can provide residents with comfortable living conditions. There are three main types of movement of air masses in rooms according to the principle of operation:

1. Natural works on the principle of air movement under the influence of different temperature indicators. As you know from a physics course, warm air currents are more rarefied and rise upward. Using this law, structural openings connected to the environment are provided in the upper part of the building. As a rule, the temperature outside is lower than inside, so warm air rises and is displaced by a cold stream from the building. It is generally accepted that the optimal operating indicator for such a system is an outside temperature ranging from 5 to 15 degrees. At lower temperatures, a draft is predictably created in the rooms due to the intensity of heat exchange. In cases of high temperatures, the efficiency of the system is reduced because it is cooler inside the house;
2. Forced ventilation is carried out using mechanical devices that supply fresh air inside and remove stagnant, accumulated air masses outside. Inflow and outflow are carried out under the influence of exhaust and spray equipment. Typically, such a system consists of fans, air valves, air heaters, air conditioners, purification filters, and silencers. For optimal functioning, a special communication network is created to ensure the movement of air flows - these are air channels, air intake grilles, diffusers, and anemostats. The efficiency of the system is increased by the installation of control sensors, thermostats that connect or disconnect fans according to specified, calculated indicators;
3. A mixed system involves supplementing natural air exchange with exhaust equipment. These could be hoods in the kitchen or fans in bathrooms, built-in or connected to natural ventilation communications. As a rule, such equipment is installed where the degree of air pollution is high and the supply flow does not have time to displace the pollution.

Ventilation problems are associated with the application of old construction technologies to modern conditions. Most houses are built to outdated standards. In this case, new materials, technologies, and equipment are used. According to outdated SNiPs, air flow is carried out through gaps in windows and doors, but the installation of metal-plastic windows and doors of new designs reliably seals the room. Thus, residents are protected from drafts, sound comfort is increased, and energy efficiency is improved. Only the air stagnates due to the lack of possibility of fresh air flow. The result is expressed by increased humidity and oxygen starvation.

Know that this creates a favorable environment for the development of harmful microorganisms in the room. A fungus appears on the walls, rapidly conquering new territories. Fighting it is pointless as long as greenhouse conditions are created for it in the form of a moist, warm atmosphere without drafts.

Another problem is the accumulation of harmful substances that enter the body through inhalation. They are distinguished by surrounding objects - furniture, walls, flooring, everyday cleaning substances, cleaning surfaces. When the ventilation in the house is done with your own hands, the air circulates and almost all harmful substances are removed outside, without having time to accumulate in dangerous quantities and enter the body.

Fresh supply air according to standards and rules

It is ideal to equip your house outside the city, located in a vast area rich in fresh, clean air, with natural ventilation.

Did you know that there are certain standards for air exchange in a house, taking into account the specifics of a particular room, which must be taken into account when creating ventilation in a private house with your own hands.

This means replacing the entire air mass, the values ​​of which are given in the table, in 1 hour for rooms where people are constantly present. Particular attention is paid to special purpose rooms:

1. For kitchens with electric stoves, an air exchange of at least 60 m³/hour is required, and in the case of a gas stove, 90 m³/hour;
2. For a bathroom and toilet, the air exchange should exceed 25 m³/hour; if these rooms are combined, then the figure increases to 50 m³/hour.

A table has also been developed depending on the placement of a ventilation hole in a room on the height of the building and floor. It shows what performance is needed and the required number of channels. These indicators will help create air exchange that provides the standard or exceeds it.

WITH You should know that when designing ventilation, the individual characteristics of a particular house are taken into account. For example, if a wooden floor is based on joists, then the calculation takes into account ventilation under the floor.

Correct selection and calculation of supply channel parameters

To organize communications, pipes of round diameter or rectangular blocks are used. The optimal pipe size is considered to be a diameter of 150 mm (0.016 dm³), at least 10 cm on each side. Such indicators guarantee a flow of at least 30 m³/h when the channels are located at a height of at least 3 m. To increase the throughput, it is necessary to increase the cross-section, length or number of air ducts.

All possible options are determined depending on the floor of the premises being calculated using the regulatory documentation “Code of Rules for Residential Apartment Buildings”:

1. Table 9.1 allows you to determine how much air is required to be pumped into the room;
2. The paragraph “Performance standards and natural ventilation channels” shows how much air is required to be removed from the room.

The obtained values ​​are compared, the larger one is selected and the required air exchange is calculated.

For example, for a 4-room one-story house with three-meter ceilings and a roof, a total area of ​​75 m², a kitchen equipped with a gas stove. The total cubic capacity required for the influx into the room is 225 m³ per hour. The available data for the rooms allows us to determine the amount of air needed to be removed outside: kitchen - 90 m³/h, bath and toilet - 50 m³/h, total - 140 m³/h. Therefore, the indicator 225 m³/h is taken as a basis and calculations are made based on it:

1. The height of ventilation ducts for a house is 4 m;
2. The air renewal power for t=20 °C according to the table is 45.96 m³/h;
3. The number of channels is determined by dividing 225/45.96=4.9.

That is, the required house requires 5 ventilation ducts without taking into account all the individual features of the house. To obtain specific values, it is necessary to involve specialists in the design of ventilation for a private house.

Additional equipment that improves living conditions

Natural ventilation is economical, simple to operate, and easy to design and construct. But it is unable to cope with all the challenges presented by modern housing challenges. Called to help:

1. Fans built into air ducts effectively combat unpleasant odors and excessive humidity in the toilet and bath. Inexpensive design, simple to install and easy to use, helps to quickly increase air flow as needed;
2. The hood located above the stove protects the kitchen from humidity, removes excess odors outside the room and helps maintain normal temperature conditions by quickly removing hot air from the room.

You should know the permissible dimensions for the location of the hood above the stove - 0.75 m when using a gas hob; 0.65 m above electric.

Increased attention is paid when using a fireplace or stove. In this case, do-it-yourself ventilation in a private house is designed taking into account the need to create conditions for complete combustion of the fuel used to operate the equipment, and all combustion products must be removed. Careful design work guarantees the elimination of risks - fire, suffocation. There are often projects that use a supply ventilation supply from the bottom of a stove or fireplace. This solution provides the fire source with a constant supply of oxygen and normal draft.

High-quality ventilation in a private house is necessary; it can be designed with your own hands. It is important to take into account the structural features, characteristics of the equipment used and materials in the premises.

Video about ventilation of a private house

Due to poorly organized air exchange, the microclimate in the cottage often becomes unfavorable and uncomfortable. As a result, the health of the people living in it deteriorates, and the decoration and furniture suffer from excessive humidity or excessive dry air. And only properly organized ventilation in a private home can prevent these problems.

How to properly equip it and what type of system to choose? We will consider these questions in our article. We will also look at choosing the optimal ventilation scheme for a cottage and ensuring a sufficient level of air exchange in individual rooms of the house.

The creation of ventilation in the cottage is due to the fact that there must be a continuous exchange of air masses in it. Old, used air with a large amount of carbon dioxide must be removed from the premises, replacing it with new air that constantly contains oxygen - from the street.

If you stop this air exchange, the microclimate inside will quickly become far from favorable for human health.

According to standards for living rooms, the optimal atmosphere is a temperature in the region of 20–25 degrees and a relative humidity of 30–60%, depending on the time of year and the readings on the thermometer outside the window

In order to maintain the air exchange parameters established by GOSTs, the ventilation system in the house, made with your own hands or with the involvement of third-party installers, must continuously change the air in the rooms.

For example, for living rooms in a cottage, the air exchange rate per hour is set to “1”. That is, within an hour the entire volume of air in them must be completely replaced.

The purpose of ventilation is to combat the following factors:

• excess heat;
• constantly appearing dust;
• excessive air humidity;
• harmful gases and vapors.

Every person in the house exhales carbon dioxide around the clock. Also in the residential building there are fireplaces, gas and electric stoves, numerous household appliances, that is, there are a lot of sources of heat, moisture, dust and gases in the cottage. And all this must be removed from the premises so that the microclimate in them is suitable for living.

According to the method of air movement, ventilation systems are divided into:

1. With natural cravings.
2. With mechanical urge.

First option involves the movement of air masses due to the existence of a pressure difference outside and inside the ventilated building. Moreover, it can be organized - using adjustable valves, and unorganized - exclusively through windows, doors and vents in the foundation.

In the second case air is forced to move through rooms and ventilation ducts using mechanical devices. This option is energy dependent, but more effective.

Principles of ventilation

Previously, housing was built with wooden windows and doors. Moreover, they did not shine with special tightness. As a result, through the existing cracks there was a constant and natural exchange of dirty indoor and clean outdoor air.

However, now they have been replaced by plastic window and door blocks, which are an order of magnitude more airtight. Therefore, as an option, they install a special device on such windows -.

Option #1 - natural draft system

A non-mechanical ventilation system works due to the formation of natural draft in a vertical pipe.

This is the principle of operation of a classic wood stove or fireplace chimney. In both cases, pressure is created below, pushing the air upward and outward.

The traction force is also affected by the moisture saturation of the air. The drier it is, the heavier it is. Moist air masses inevitably tend to rise to the ceiling and then into the ventilation duct if it goes outside the building.

The main disadvantage of natural ventilation lies in its poor controllability. In case of strong wind, formation is possible. In winter, due to the temperature difference, the system works very efficiently, in some situations even to excess, drawing precious heat out of the house.

And in summer its effectiveness drops significantly. Temperatures in the rooms of the cottage and outside in the summer do not differ much, so the draft inevitably decreases.

When there are gusts of wind, the air in the ventilation can flow backward through the ventilation duct back into the rooms. Backdraft formation is rare, but quite possible.

To control the quality of air exchange in such a system, the ventilation ducts in it must be equipped. If necessary, you can cover them to reduce natural traction.

Option #2 - forced inducement system

If the natural ventilation system is not capable of maintaining the proper microclimate in the cottage, then it has to be replaced with supply or exhaust mechanical ventilation.

In this case, air flows are forced to move through the interior spaces using fans.

A combined variation of the system is also possible - with. In it, the volumes of both supply and exhaust are controlled by ventilation units.

In the supply system, clean air is pumped into the house by mechanical devices, and it leaves on its own into the ventilation shaft. In the exhaust, it is drawn out by a fan, and the inflow is carried out through ventilation holes in the walls

In some situations, such a system is additionally installed, which takes heat from the air from the rooms and then releases it to the outside air.

Exhaust fans are installed in each room or one per ventilation shaft. And air supply units in private homes are usually equipped in the form of wall-mounted vents with an axial electric fan inside.

But an option is also possible with a single air blower and ventilation ducts throughout the building.

If supply and exhaust ventilation is done, then it requires laying two separate ventilation ducts - one goes to the exhaust, the second to the supply.

This seriously affects the cost of the system, but allows it to be more precisely regulated and controlled.

Which scheme is better for a cottage?

To decide which and how best to install ventilation in a private home, you need to take into account a lot of factors. The characteristics of all engineering systems and heating devices in the building are important here.

When choosing the appropriate type of ventilation system, you should consider:

• climatic features of the area;
• the presence of sources of unpleasant and harmful impurities in the air near the house;
• purpose of different rooms;
• individual features of the building's architecture;
• the presence of gas stoves or boilers, as well as fireplaces or wood/coal stoves;
• the number of permanent residents in the cottage and much more.

It is recommended to design and install only natural ventilation yourself. To calculate it, simplified methods with averaged indicators are used. Understanding them is not difficult.

For living rooms, the air exchange rate is set at 30 m 3 /hour, for bathrooms and toilets in the range of 25–30 m 3 /hour, and for the kitchen – 70–100 m 3 /hour. Based on this data and the cubic capacity of the rooms, you only need to calculate the width of the ventilation ducts, and then arrange them in the building.

Moreover, it is best to do this at the cottage design stage. Often the best option is a ventilation shaft in the middle of the building with its outlet above the roof ridge.

If a private house is being built on two or three floors and a forced air exchange system is chosen for it, then it is better to entrust its design to a professional. You can then do the installation yourself.

However, if you have no experience in this matter and do not want to encounter problems in the future, then the installation of all ventilation equipment should also be entrusted to a specialist.

Compared to mechanical ventilation, natural ventilation is cheaper, less noisy and does not depend on the availability of power. However, it is more difficult to regulate. Plus, its thrust is highly dependent on external atmospheric factors.

But the absence of electric fans means no problems with breakdowns and no need for their maintenance.

A forced ventilation system in a private house in a combined or only exhaust or supply version is more complex to install and operate. However, it allows you to save on heating and more accurately control the microclimate in the cottage.

When installing any ventilation in a private home, air flows are arranged in such a way that clean street air first flows into the living room, bedrooms, study and library.

To ensure unhindered natural air flow through the cottage, all interior doors must have a clearance of 2–3 cm between the door leaf and the threshold

In the kitchen, in addition to the ventilation hole, it is recommended to additionally install it in the ventilation duct. It will allow you to quickly remove cooking odors, preventing them from spreading to other rooms in the house.

A separate point is the boiler room and kitchen with gas equipment. They must be equipped with a separate channel for air flow directly from the street. Plus, don't forget about.

The easiest and cheapest way to do classic natural ventilation in a private house.

But if the cottage is large in size, with many residential and non-residential rooms, a fireplace and gas-powered equipment, then you will need to equip its mechanical equivalent. This system will be more expensive to install and operate, but the air exchange and microclimate inside will be at the proper level.

Are you comparing ventilation systems for a private home and can’t decide on the best option in your case? Ask your question to our experts in the comments to this article.

Or maybe you still have questions about the nuances of arranging a ventilation system and the rules for choosing equipment? Ask for advice in the comments block - we and experienced visitors to our site will try to help you.

Building your own home is always accompanied by numerous troubles and worries. After all, before you start the “construction of the century” you need to clearly understand what you want to get in the end, otherwise it may well turn out to be the hut of a frivolous pig. Therefore, the house design must be selected taking into account all the details and, most importantly, the comfort of the future home specifically for you. Speaking of comfort, have you already thought about the internal systems of your home? They must be included in the project before the start of construction work if you want everything to be done conscientiously. Rebuilding or making any changes to an already completed building will be much more expensive, and it is not a fact that everything will “fall” as it should. For example, the ventilation device in a private house should be thought out precisely at the preparation stage, and only in this case will you breathe truly clean air in your new home.

Ventilation in a private house - options

What is generally offered as an air renewal system for our homes? There are only three options:

• natural ventilation
• forced (supply and exhaust) ventilation
• mixed type ventilation (most often natural with forced exhaust)

And each option has its own advantages. Think for yourself, if you have a private house located in an area with excellent clean air, then it would be simply criminal (and, by the way, extremely unprofitable) to install forced ventilation in it, the functions of which, among other things, include cleaning the incoming air mixture. Why filter clean, fragrant air and end up with a sterile, tasteless atmosphere? However, in cases where your home is surrounded by an environment contaminated with various harmful and unpleasant impurities, it is necessary to remove everything unnecessary from the air entering the house, because no one wants to breathe industrial waste or exhaust gases. But how can you determine when which ventilation is best?

Conditions for choosing a ventilation system for a private house

Each of us wants to invest less and receive the highest standard. Therefore, it is important to identify from the very beginning all the factors that hinder or help such a result. And to select the most optimal ventilation system, you need to take into account the following components (this is the minimum option):

• cleanliness of the surrounding atmosphere
• material from which the building will be constructed

Of course, another important factor is always the availability of the required amount. And yet, this consideration was not included in our small list for the simplest reason - price should not be a decisive factor in the choice of ventilation in a private house, since savings in this case can then greatly affect your convenience.

But let’s move on to a more detailed description of the various ventilation options depending on the factors already stated. And in order to imagine the ventilation systems in a private house in a little more detail, here is a photo selection.

Natural ventilation

Natural ventilation is most optimal if two prerequisites are present:

• truly clean outdoor air
• the following building materials for the home:
  • wood (houses made of logs or timber)
  • adobe (or light adobe)
  • brick
  • gas block
  • foam block
  • cinder block
  • expanded clay block
  • ceramic efficient block
  • monolithic expanded clay concrete

Mixed ventilation

Exhaust ventilation in a private house (as an addition to natural ventilation) is installed only in cases of real need, when a conventional hood simply does not cope with its purpose, despite the presence of normal draft in the air ducts. And the installation of such mechanical applications is carried out only in places with the most polluted air: kitchen, sanitary and work (boiler room or generator) rooms, which affect the atmosphere of the entire house.

Forced ventilation

Forced supply and exhaust ventilation with additional filtration of incoming air should be installed in any of two cases:

• if the outside air needs additional purification to get rid of harmful impurities or simply unappetizing odors
• if your house is being built from:
  • 3D panels
  • expanded polystyrene concrete
  • SIP panels
  • sandwich panels
  • vacuum panels
  • MDM panels
  • SOTA panels
  • and also if it is a frame house using Canadian technology, isodome or thermohouse

Having decided on these parameters, you can make the ventilation in a private house most suitable.

Advantages of natural ventilation in a private home

Despite the fact that recently many people prefer various technical devices (for example, supply ventilation in a private house), natural ventilation has its advantages. And in cases where it is appropriate, it is better to use this method. So what exactly is the advantage of this type of ventilation? And there are quite a lot of them.

• the cost of installing ventilation in a private house is reduced by an order of magnitude
• with the correct ventilation scheme in a private house, you get the opportunity to regulate the heat exchange of the entire space and even heat rooms in which heating devices are not installed - corridors, landings and flights, etc.
• the cleanest air, filled with freshness and natural aromas, fills exactly those rooms where it is most needed - bedrooms, offices, living rooms, that is, living rooms
• Optimal humidity is maintained in all significant areas of the house

And although we can talk about the advantages of natural ventilation for quite a long time, we have listed the main, most important ones. However, people often want to know in more detail about the processes that cause such manifestations, and especially for you: natural ventilation in a private house - video tutorial.

Is it possible to do the ventilation of a private house with your own hands?

The issue of saving when building and furnishing your own home sometimes becomes quite acute, and then many owners begin to think about doing all or some part of the work with their own hands. And it’s no wonder, because many people believe, and actually do it correctly, that it’s clearly not the gods who burn the pots, but even ourselves. However, before you throw yourself at the embrasure, you should clearly decide whether you have enough knowledge and skills for quite complex matters.

Let's return to ventilation - doing it yourself is not a problem. Installing ventilation in a private house is not that difficult. And yet, those for whom such an installation will be the first experience of this kind should at least consult with specialists. Yes, you yourself understand perfectly well that even a brilliant master must first study any business, and only then take on it.

Therefore, let's start with the main thing - let's calculate the ventilation in a private house. The most important factors in such calculations should be the number of people constantly in the building and the volume of air in the premises. Moreover, it is worth at the same time taking into account all the achievements of civilization that take oxygen from the air and poison it with any secretions (as you already understand, we are talking about various technical devices designed to make life easier in our homes), as well as which rooms will require more frequent air exchange. By the way, do not forget to immediately plan heating (or cooling) of the incoming fresh air. Of course, after digging through a bunch of literature, you will be able to calculate everything yourself, and it is even likely that the result of your efforts will turn out to be absolutely correct and suitable for your real situation. But is it worth spending so much time and effort on an operation that a professional will perform quickly and with a guaranteed result?!

Which option for air exchange calculations you chose is not so important. The main thing is that everything has been calculated, and now you need to look at ventilation projects in a private house and choose the most favorable one for your home. And in this case, it is better to consult with a specialist who knows how to make the work easier and still get a well-functioning ventilation system. In addition, an experienced craftsman will be able to tell you where to purchase high-quality materials at an affordable price, and in what quantities they will be needed during installation. But a person can easily install household ventilation pipes on his own, without involving hired workers. Here's what such an installation looks like - a video from a jack-of-all-trades specialist:

Well, the algorithm of actions is simple - the main thing is to decide on the type of ventilation to be installed, and installing it is a trifle, an everyday matter. So start thinking about it, and then do it. Fresh air for your home!

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