Today, many people prefer to install a water well in their household rather than rely on the whims of a centralized water supply. In many ways, this solution can be considered the best option. And at the same time, the question will inevitably arise: how to find water on the site for a well?

A little about where aquifers are located

Before you start, it wouldn’t hurt to arm yourself with a little theoretical knowledge. Where does groundwater actually come from? There may be several sources. These include water flows that drain during floods and mountain glaciers that melt during warming. But the most common option is precipitation.

This figure shows aquifers - sources for creating wells and wells.

First, atmospheric moisture that has fallen in one form or another seeps through the soil. In principle, it can continue to penetrate the Earth indefinitely. But the fact is that the soil is not everywhere as loose and porous as on the surface. Sooner or later, the water hits a solid layer - through which it is no longer able to penetrate. Typically, this layer consists of stone and clay. Thus, entire underground lakes and rivers can appear at one depth or another.
At the same time, aquifers underground are not located strictly horizontally. They can have both slopes and depressions. The volume of such natural water reservoirs can reach many cubic kilometers.
can be located at very different depths. For example, at a depth of up to 5 meters there is an aquifer that is fed by melt water and sediment. During drought, as a rule, this layer dries out. So it cannot be considered as a stable source of water. In addition, the water here is not intended for drinking - as it is not well filtered. It can only be used for technical purposes.
But already at a depth of about 10 meters there are well-filtered layers of water. This water can be used for drinking. It may be necessary to additionally install a main filter on the water supply.
Finally, at a depth of 30 meters or more, the most valuable sources of water are located. Here the water is saturated with healing salts and minerals, it practically does not need filtration, so it is recommended to take it from the well. However, getting to such a deep-lying vein is quite difficult. This often requires the use of special industrial equipment.

Ways to find water on the site

Finding water using a vine is an ancient, traditional way. To many it may seem something akin to quackery, but contemporaries know it as dowsing.

The question of how to find water in a particular area, without exaggeration, has always been acute for humanity. Sometimes it was possible to do this, sometimes not. People have long noticed that many animals, meanwhile, can successfully find aquifers even during the driest season. Therefore, it was decided that it was still possible to find water - only the search method was important.
Indeed, experienced drillers say that water is everywhere - you just need to find it. Today, a person has many methods in their arsenal, thanks to the use of which it is possible to effectively search for water in an area.
With all their richness and diversity, they can be divided into three types:

• Industrial specialized methods of searching for water;
• Search methods using improvised means;
• And untested methods that have no scientific basis.

It hardly makes sense to dwell on the first and last methods. Simply because in the first case, you will need to purchase expensive professional equipment, as well as spend time mastering it, which for the average consumer can hardly be considered a good solution. Well, those methods that are not scientifically substantiated, but only relate more to the area of ​​shamanism and beliefs, also do not make much sense to consider.

An ancient way to find water using clay dishes

We can say that this method comes from the depths of centuries, because our ancestors used it. Today, however, it can be used both in its pure form and in a more improved form. Its essence lies in the fact that a clay pot or similar utensil was taken, first properly dried in the sun. Then the dishes were placed in the place where the water was supposed to be. A day later the pot was covered in perspiration. In this case, one could count on the fact that there was water below. Moreover, the more intensely the pot “fogged up,” the closer the water-bearing well was located.

Well-dried pottery was turned upside down and placed on the ground in different places. Where the pots fogged up from the inside, a well was dug.

In modern conditions, this method has been somewhat improved. You will need to take about two liters of silicate gel and dry it thoroughly first. You can even do this in the oven. The gel dried in this way is then weighed to the nearest gram.
Now you need to wrap it in some light cloth and bury it about half a meter in the ground. You need to wait exactly one day and weigh the gel again, without taking into account the weight of the fabric in which it was wrapped. Since this gel is an excellent water absorbent, it will absorb moisture. If the mass of the gel has changed, you can count on the occurrence of an aquifer. Moreover, the more water the gel has collected, the closer the layer is located.
Instead of a pot and gel, you can take a very ordinary brick. It will also need to be properly dried and weighed first.
Table salt is used in a similar way to the gel.

If you listen to the plant's clues

It has long been noticed that some plants grow only above aquifers. The result of observations can be presented in the form of the following diagram:

Reed is a perennial plant that grows near a water source.

• Cattail – water layer at a depth of up to 1 meter;
• Reeds – up to 3 meters;
• Wormwood - from 3 to 5 meters;
• Licorice – from 1 to 10 meters;
• Alfalfa - from 1 to 15 meters.

You can also notice that birch trees that grow above aquifers are characterized by a more knotty trunk and short stature. If woodlice grows on the site, then it also makes sense to look for water here. River gravitation can also indicate a nearby water layer. But if a pine tree grows somewhere, then most likely the water is located very deep. After all, the pine tree has a very long straight root that is capable of reaching the deepest water deposits.

Using a liquid barometer or using an aneroid barometer

The presence of groundwater can also be indicated by differences in elevation in a particular area. With a difference in height of up to one meter, the differences in barometer readings are 0.1 mmHg.

Aneroid barometer is one of the main instruments used by meteorologists to make weather forecasts for the coming days.

You will first need to measure the pressure on the shore of the supposed underground reservoir, and then at the place where the water is supposed to occur. If there is a difference in pressure, there is water here.
Moreover, you can even calculate the depth of the water. To do this, you will simply need to take into account the above formula: 0.1 mm Hg. Art. for every meter of depth. If, for example, at first the barometer showed 544.8 mm Hg. Art., and then - 544.1 mm. Hg Art., then you should count on drilling at a depth of 7 meters, since the difference in readings is 0.7 mm.

Determination through all kinds of natural phenomena

Nature itself can tell you where to look for water. For example, if fog rises over the area early in the morning after a hot day, there is water. Moreover, if the fog does not just hang, but swirls or stands in a column, it means there is a lot of water, it is located very close.

The formation of fog over an area is a sign of nearby water sources.

Typically, water layers are located in natural depressions. But on the hills and on the slopes of hills and ravines, of course, there will also be water, but getting to it will be a difficult task.

Exploration through test drilling

The most reliable methods of searching for water today include reconnaissance. This is done using a special drill. Since the depth of the well is on average from 6 to 10 meters, you will need to take care in advance about the availability of a suitable handle length.

Test drilling will help determine the location for the construction of a water supply source.

The diameter of the screw can be 30 centimeters. To prevent the tool from breaking, it is necessary to excavate the developed soil approximately every 15 centimeters of depth. If heavily moistened sand appears at a depth of about three meters, this indicates the right place.

Note! The correct location for the well should be no closer than 30 meters from landfills, garbage heaps, sewer pits, etc. The deeper the aquifer is located, the better. After all, the water is effectively filtered by sand and soil. In addition, it is saturated with useful minerals and salts.

Finding water using dowsing

You can quite accurately find water using the so-called dowsing method. But only a specialist can work with it. An unprepared person will most likely fail.
First, you will need to equip special frames made of aluminum wire up to 40 cm long. At approximately a distance of 10 cm from the edge, they are bent at an angle of 90 degrees.
Then you need to do the following:

• The frames are taken in both hands, the arms are pressed with the elbows to the body, the forearms should be parallel to the ground;
• The site is then intersected in the direction from north to south and from east to west;
• As soon as the specialist is above the aquifer, the frames will move and intersect.

Dowsing is a technique that allows a person, through an indicator - a frame or a pendulum, to determine the presence of any objects or objects in space, and also to receive answers from the level of the information field.

As already noted, this method may not work if an untrained person uses it, so it makes sense to turn to a professional dowser in order to be sure of the result. Using their frames, specialists can determine not only the location of the water and its depth, but also the upper and lower boundaries of the underground water supply system.

Experts' opinion

Alexey Sergeevich Semenov, professional dowser: Instead of aluminum frames, our ancestors used flexible branches bent in a certain way. It has been noted that the best vines come from trees such as willow, viburnum or hazel.

Ekaterina Ivanovna Voronina, water utility worker: Before you start using water from a well for food and other purposes, it is recommended to have it analyzed at a local laboratory. It is quite possible that such water is unsuitable for food and can only be used for technical purposes. So there is no need to rush to dig a well where water is found.

conclusions

As already noted, water is located absolutely everywhere. However, it is not always easy to get to it. If it is impossible to achieve a result in a selected area using conventional tools, this does not mean that there is no aquifer. It will just require deeper drilling. And this sometimes involves the use of serious equipment.
The most accurate and guaranteed result will not be produced by any one of the above methods, but by a combination of several search methods at once.

Arranging an autonomous water source on a personal plot is one of the most important tasks for a private developer. Its presence in a country house comprehensively solves the family’s needs for drinking and technical water. Since aquifers are distributed unevenly in the bowels of the earth, and their depth can fluctuate, finding water in an area for a small well becomes difficult. Technical and folk methods will most likely help determine the location of the source, its nature and depth.

The aquifers on which the water intake is placed are represented by three main types:

1. Verkhodka and soil waters.
2. Groundwater.
3. Interstratal sandy horizons.
4. Interlayer artesian waterproof layers made of limestone or other waterproof rocks (basalt, granite).

Verkhodka is located at depths of 2 to 5 meters and accumulates as a result of the penetration of melt and rainwater into the soil. The volume of moisture and chemical composition depend on seasonal fluctuations in precipitation. The aquifer is subject to pollution by agricultural products and industrial emissions, which are washed out from the soil surface. To extract such water, a shaft-type well is sufficient. This water is not suitable for drinking purposes.

Groundwater, located in a sandy layer at a depth of 7 to 30 meters, is cleaner and less dependent on seasonal fluctuations in precipitation. The deeper the formation, the purer the water in it. Mine or Abyssinian wells are used as a source.

Interstratal sandy and artesian horizons can be found at depths of 30 meters or more. Passing a long filtration path through various types of soil, the water is purified and becomes suitable not only for domestic and technical purposes, but also for drinking. The volume and chemical composition of such resources is practically constant. Wells are used to extract them.

How to determine the presence of water on a site?

Frames, vines and other alternative methods may be useful only for searching for perched water. They can be used as an indirect guide to the location of interstratal waters. The surest way to search for water in the area for a future well is exploratory drilling. Thanks to it, the depth of the water carrier, the quality of moisture and the approximate debit of the source are determined.

At the stage of test drilling when searching for an aquifer, water samples are taken for laboratory testing. The primary analysis gives a complete picture of the microbiological and chemical composition.

This is due to the fact that the drilling process uses imported volumes of water and a clear picture will appear only after long-term pumping.

The following methods are used to determine the location of suitable aquifers:

• Parametric well drilling method.
• Seismic exploration method.
• Method of electrical sounding of the earth's thickness.

Drilling parametric or exploratory wells

The work is carried out for research purposes. The main task of the test search is to find a thick aquifer that lies deep in the earth's crust and determine its main characteristics. Using parametric wells, hydrological indicators are collected to determine the location of the optimal water intake point. Drilling a well into sand, provided it hits well, is easier and cheaper.

Before searching for water using exploratory drilling, you need to familiarize yourself with the general hydrological data of the area, which will tell you the optimal type of well. Studying special documentation will help assess the nature of geological sections in the region and suggest the expected depth of the aquifer. Such data is easy to find when it comes to densely populated areas.

On the plain, the depth of the water carrier is approximately the same. You can estimate the approximate depth based on how deep the wells are in neighboring areas.

After appropriate preliminary measurements and work with hydrological data, the proposed area for parametric drilling is determined. With a successful combination of circumstances and the experience of the drillers, a parametric well may well turn into a stationary water intake point.

Basic drilling methods

Core drilling method used to search for deeply buried aquifers (up to 100 meters or more). When deepening the rotating core pipe with the core, a washing liquid is supplied. A powerful jet washes out the soil exposed along the ring, throwing it to the surface. The core (rock in a cylindrical shape) remains in the pipe itself. When passing through a waterproof roof, in order to prevent siltation of the horizon, compressed air is used instead of flushing liquid.

The core method has its advantages:

• High performance.
• The ability to penetrate to a depth of 100 meters or more.
• Easy passage of hard rocks.

The main disadvantages of this method include:

• Involvement of additional equipment (pump, compressor)
• There is a high probability of siltation of the aquifer with leaching products when it is opened.

Auger drilling of a well used when searching for aquifers at shallower depths. The main feature of this method is the simultaneous removal of the mined rock from the mine by lifting it along the flange of a rotating auger. The auger itself is a steel rod, along the entire length of which there is a spiral flange. At the end of the projectile there is a chisel. Screwing the bit into the rock, it destroys it, and the flange blades lift the soil to the surface.

In order to prevent the walls of the well from crumbling, after drilling 1...2 meters, a casing pipe is placed in its trunk, gradually increasing as it goes deeper into the ground.

The main advantages of this method include:

• Low cost.
• Quick dive.
• No barrel flushing required.
• There is no need to lift the auger for cleaning.

Disadvantages include:

• Unsuitable for the development of loose and rocky rocks.
• Shallow dive.

Shock-rope method used on hard rocks. An impact projectile attached to a steel cable and mounted on a mast-like structure gradually breaks down layers of rock formations, creating an exploration hole.

Manual drilling with a garden auger. It is carried out independently, suitable for depths of 15-20 m. Gradually passing through the layers of soil, the soil is examined for moisture levels.

All these methods are used both for exploration and for creating the well itself. The choice of method depends on geological factors and the project budget.

Seismic survey method

The search method is based on “tapping” the earth’s crust with an energy device through the action of sound waves and capturing response vibrations using a seismic-sensitive device.

Depending on the structure and material of the layers of the earth's crust, waves pass through them in different ways, returning as damped reflected signals, the properties and strength of which are used to judge the rocks representing these layers, the voids and the presence of aquifers, and the accumulation of water between durable aquifer layers. They take into account not only the strength of the returned vibration, but also the time it takes for the wave to return.

Water and rock do not reflect sound waves equally, therefore, knowing the difference in these indicators, one can judge where and how deep the aquifers are located.

Testing is carried out at several points on the site, all indicators are entered into a computer and processed by a special program to determine the location of the presence of the water carrier.

Compare the obtained data collected in places with similar geology, immediately adjacent to bodies of water, with data collected at the proposed drilling site. Or they find out the standard of the seismic signal, which is characteristic of most points in a particular location, and by deviation from this standard they identify the proposed area of ​​occurrence of the aquifer. Artesian waters produce a high seismic background, several times higher than the standard one.

Electrical sensing method

The method allows using instruments to record the presence of water based on the resistivity of the earth layers. Special probing equipment is used.

Used to search for water at depths from ten to hundreds of meters.

Four electrode pipes up to one and a half meters long are driven into the soil. Two of them create an electrical voltage field, and the other two act as testing devices.

They are sequentially moved apart. At the same time, data are recorded from which resistivity is measured, potential differences are determined, thus consistently identifying indicators at different levels of the earth's crust.

Resistance varies depending on how high the moisture level is and what the composition of the rock layers is. This is an electrical sounding technique that helps determine the presence and depth of water.

Thus, electrical prospecting reveals information that is inaccessible to the seismic spectral method, being a less expensive search method.

The disadvantage of the method is that if the search area is enriched in fossil metals or is located close to railroad tracks, then sounding will become impossible.

How to find water on your own at your summer cottage?

Independent research is only possible when it comes to sand wells. Artesian water intake requires a more serious approach.

Studying the terrain

The same relief features that we encounter on the surface are projected onto the aquifer. You can find water on the site yourself on gently sloping, straight lowlands, at the foot of slopes, in places near reservoirs or with nearby wells and boreholes.

Using a barometer

If there is a pond or a neighbor’s well nearby, an aneroid barometer will help you find out the availability of a resource on your site. The closer the water, the higher the atmospheric pressure will be in a given place. The search sequence is as follows:

1. The pressure is measured near a well or lake.
2. Measurements are taken at the location of the proposed water intake.
3. The data difference coefficient is calculated.
4. The resulting figure is a measure of the depth of the aquifer. One scale division is per meter of depth.

The method is suitable only in cases where we are talking about horizontally lying aquifers. In mountainous areas, adjustments are needed to take into account the possible slope of water flows.

Instruments that measure the distance to the aquifer can only provide approximate information; accurate, complete data is provided only by exploratory drilling.

Water is the basis of life. Every day, people use tons of this invaluable mineral for their own purposes, so it is constantly in short supply. Owners of country real estate in all its forms strive to provide themselves with life-giving moisture and are engaged in the construction of wells or boreholes. Many people are interested in how to find water for a well in their area. It turns out that you can try to do this yourself, using one of the many existing methods.

Where does groundwater accumulate?

Before you start looking, it's worth learning a little more about groundwater. Moisture underground accumulates inside the so-called aquifers as a result of filtration of atmospheric precipitation. Liquid, sandwiched between waterproof soil layers consisting of stone or clay, forms reservoirs of various sizes.

Their location is not strictly horizontal; they can bend, forming in such areas peculiar lenses filled with water. Their volumes are also very diverse: from several cubic meters to tens of cubic kilometers.

A diagram of the occurrence of groundwater is necessary to have at least some idea of ​​where the source may be

Closest to the surface, at a depth of only 2-5 m, lies the “overwater”. These are small bodies of water fed by precipitation and melt water. In dry times, they usually dry out and cannot be a source of water supply. In addition, water from them can most often be used only for technical purposes. Of greatest interest to humans are deep aquifers containing large reserves of perfectly filtered water. They usually lie at a depth of 8-10 meters and below. The most valuable water, enriched with minerals and salts, is located even deeper, at a distance of about 30-50 m. Getting to it is possible, but difficult.

Popular ways to find water on the site

If desired, searching for water under a well can be done in several ways. The most common of them:

Use of pottery

The ancient method of determining the presence of water involved the use of a clay pot. It was dried in the sun, then turned over and placed on the ground above the supposed location of the water vein. After some time, the dishes began to fog up from the inside if there was actually water underneath them. Today this method has been somewhat improved.

You need to take a liter or two of silica gel, which is an excellent desiccant. It is thoroughly dried in the oven and poured into a clay pot. After which the dishes with the gel are weighed on precise scales, preferably pharmaceutical scales. Then they are wrapped in cloth and buried to a depth of about half a meter in the place where the well is supposed to be drilled. Leave it there for a day, then dig it up and carefully weigh it again.

Not one or two aquifers have already been found using silica gel

The more moisture absorbed into the gel, the closer the water. At the initial stage, you can bury several pots and choose a place with the most intense water flow. Instead of silica gel, ordinary brick can be used, which is also dried and weighed.

Observations - where do plants grow?

Some plants are excellent indicators of underground water.

Plants will tell you if there is water in the area

For example, a birch tree growing above a watercourse will be short in height with a knotty, twisted trunk. The branches of the tree located above it will form the so-called “witch's panicles”. The water close to the surface will be revealed by thickets of woodlice, a low herbaceous plant. River gravel directly points to the watercourse located beneath it. But the pine, with its long tap root, says the opposite - in this place the water is located quite deep.

Determination by height difference

This method can only be used if there is any pond or well nearby. You will need a regular aneroid barometer, with which the pressure will be measured. Based on the fact that for every 13 m of height difference the pressure will drop by approximately 1 mm of mercury, you can try to determine the depth of groundwater. To do this, you need to measure the pressure at the site of the proposed well and on the shore of the reservoir. The pressure difference is about half a mmHg. Art. indicates that the depth of the aquifer is 6 or 7 meters.

Observations of natural phenomena

Soil saturated with underground moisture will certainly evaporate it. In the early morning or evening at the end of a very hot summer day, it is worth paying attention to the area where the well is supposed to be built.

If fog forms above it, there is water there. It is best if the fog rises in a column or swirls, which means there is a lot of moisture and it is close enough. You should also know that waterproof layers usually follow the terrain. Thus, in basins and natural depressions surrounded by hills, there will definitely be water. But on the slopes and plains it may not exist.

Exploration drilling

How to find water using a frame?

Very often, the search for water for a well is carried out using dowsing, an ancient and very accurate method of determining a watercourse. Before you begin your search, you will need to prepare frames, which are pieces of aluminum wire about 40 cm long. Their ends at a level of about 10 cm are bent at a right angle. It is believed that it is best to insert frames into elderberry tubes that have had the core removed. The wire in the tubes should turn absolutely smoothly. Forks of viburnum, willow or hazel branches can also be used as a frame.

Frames are small pieces of aluminum wire bent at right angles

• We determine the position of the cardinal points using a compass and mark them on the site with pegs.
• We take a frame in each hand. We press our elbows to our sides, direct our forearms parallel to the ground, so that the frame becomes like an extension of our arms.
• We slowly cross the territory of the site from north to south, and then from east to west. In the place where there is a watercourse underground, the frames will begin to move and intersect. We mark this place with a peg.
• Considering that water usually occurs in the form of peculiar veins, having found one point, we determine the entire watercourse. To do this, we perform the previous operation several times, each time marking with a peg the place where the frames intersect.

• We determine the power and depth of the watercourse. We imagine that we are plunging to the depth of our own growth, then at two, three or more such distances. The first time the frame will react to the upper boundary of the water vein, the second - to the lower one.

A well on the site is a practical solution for ensuring water supply to the house and garden plot. Methods for independently searching for an underground watercourse will allow you to determine the presence of water on the site and help you make a decision about the possibility of developing a system. But you shouldn’t rely too much on them, because all these methods, although considered quite accurate, provide only general answers to questions. Only specialists can absolutely accurately determine the presence of an aquifer, its depth and thickness.

From time immemorial, water has been considered the basis of life. After all, a person can live without food for several weeks, but without water - only a few days.

Since ancient times, everyone has known that water from a well is the cleanest and healthiest.

Over time, city dwellers forget to value water. After all, for them, water is just a turn of the tap. But, having purchased a country house and solving the difficult problem of how to find water for a well or well, they quickly get rid of urban illusions.

Where to look for underground water?

Water in the ground is located sandwiched between impermeable aquifer layers. It gets there by seeping through the surface of the earth during rain or melting snow. Also, part of the water enters this layer, seeping through the soil from nearby reservoirs.

The groundwater level is closest to the surface of the earth in early spring, during periods of heavy snow melt or heavy rain. The lowest groundwater level is observed in winter, since at this time the minimum amount of water enters the aquifer.

Water-resistant layers, and with them aquifers, are not located at the same distance from the surface of the earth, but, depending on the topography, they either approach or move away from it. Schematically, it looks like a curved line with its peaks and valleys.

Large amounts of water can accumulate near depressions. Such areas can occupy an underground area of ​​several km², and their cubic capacity reaches hundreds of km³. This can be either clean water or sand saturated to the limit with moisture, the so-called. quicksand.

There are three aquifers. The first layer, “upper water”, is located in the upper layers of the soil - no deeper than 5 m. This water is of poor quality and can only be used for household needs. And you shouldn’t rely on it as a constant source: without replenishment from deeper water horizons, it dries up during a drought.

Located at a depth of an average of 10-25 m, the water of the second aquifer, the so-called. non-pressure, much better in quality, you can drink it. Unlike “overwater,” this water practically does not dry out, although seasonal fluctuations in its level are possible.

The most valuable water is considered to be perfectly filtered and saturated with salts and useful minerals from the deepest, third, pressure aquifer layer. It contains huge reserves of water under pressure from the earth's layers, measured in millions of m³.

Located at a considerable depth (from 30-50 m or more), it was relatively recently unattainable for use in the private sector or summer cottages. But scientific and technological progress has done its job, and today everyone can drill a well on their site, reaching artesian water, although the drilling and installation of an artesian well is still not a cheap pleasure.

How to look for water on the site?

Having figured out where and what kind of water to look for, you should also have an idea of ​​how to find water for a well or well. If you are planning, then there is no urgent need to search for water, since this aquifer is present everywhere, and the only question is how easy and deep it is to get to it. In addition, it must be taken into account that all known methods indicate the water that is located closer to the surface, so their readings for a pressure layer located at a significant depth may be inaccurate.

It is always better to entrust the search for water for a future well or well to a professional. But those who believe that it is impossible to find water on their own are mistaken. There are quite a lot of ways to:

• monitoring plants growing on the site;
• animal observations;
• observations of natural phenomena;
• use of improvised means:
• dowsing;
• test pit or well.

But all of the listed methods, with the exception of the last one, have one drawback - they indicate not the real, but the hypothetical location of the water. And only test drilling or a dug test pit will show the exact distance from the soil surface to the aquifer.

Natural indicators

Groundwater located close to the surface can be determined quite accurately by observing natural phenomena, the behavior of domestic animals, or plants growing on the site. You can even determine the depth of water from the surrounding landscape. There will almost certainly be water in natural depressions and pits. But on the slopes or on the hills dominating the surrounding area close to the surface, finding water is problematic.

If there is thick fog in the area in the evenings, it means there is water in this place.

Sometimes, in order to determine where the water comes closest to the soil surface, it is enough to simply carefully observe your area. If there is a place on it where in the evening after a hot day or in the morning, before sunrise, a thick fog constantly swirls or stands in a column, then it is in this place that you should dig a well or drill a well: the water here is definitely not far from the surface, and there will be a lot of it.

Many animals and insects sense the proximity of water. If you find a dwelling of red ants on your site, you can be sure that there is no water nearby. But clouds of midges or mosquitoes constantly hovering over one place indicate the opposite: water is somewhere nearby.

Some plants can also act as indicators of the proximity of water. Sedge, reed, coltsfoot usually grow only in places where there is no more than 2-3 m to the water. And the presence of a spreading pine on the site suggests that one cannot hope for the proximity of water, since the pine has a long stem root and does not usually grow in wetlands.

Folk remedies

To determine the presence of water in the area, you can use a clay pot.

One of the simplest and most reliable methods that came to us from our ancestors is to search for water veins using a clay pot. The pot was dried in the sun and then placed upside down in a shallow hole dug, covered with removed turf, and left overnight. If in the morning, before sunrise, there was abundant dew inside the pot, it means that the water in this place was quite close to the surface.

To more accurately determine the water level, a bag of salt was placed under the pot, and the pot was covered with homespun cloth. If the salt got wet, this meant that the water was no more than 3-4 m away. If dew formed inside on the walls of the vessel, but the bag of salt remained dry, then the water vein passed no more than 10 m from the surface. If the pot under the canvas was wet only from the outside, then the water was at least 15-20 m away, and if there was no dew on the pot at all, then this meant that the water in this place was very deep.

To determine the depth of groundwater, red bricks buried shallowly in the ground were also widely used. They buried several bricks throughout the site, having previously weighed each one on a pharmacy scale and recorded the results. A day later, the bricks were dug up and re-weighed. The greater the difference in the weight of the brick before and after burial, the closer to the surface in this place the water was.

Determining water level using dowsing method

This method, like folk remedies, goes back centuries. Initially, forks of hazel, viburnum or willow branches were used to search for water. It is noteworthy that the Christian Church, which is extremely disapproving of all fortune-telling, prophecies and witchcraft, was tolerant, even condescending, towards dowsers searching for water.

Today, for dowsing, frames made of 40 cm pieces of aluminum wire are more often used, the ends of which are bent at right angles at a level of 8-10 cm. With these ends, aluminum pieces are inserted into elderberry shelves, from which the core has previously been removed. The ends of the wire in the sticks should be able to rotate freely.

The search technique is as follows: first, the cardinal directions are determined using a compass, and the area is marked using them with pegs. Then the dowser takes the frame in both hands. Your elbows should be close to your sides and your forearms should be parallel to the ground. In this position, the dowsing frames become an extension of the dowsing arm.

Without changing posture, a person should slowly examine the area - first from north to south, and then again from east to west. At the point where the dowser crosses an underground water stream, the frames begin to move until they intersect. The place of their intersection is marked with a peg, and then the search operation is repeated several more times, thus determining the direction of occurrence of the water vein.

If you are faced with the dilemma of what is better, drill a well on your site or dig a well, then you should focus on the depth of the aquifer. The conditional section is considered to be a depth of 12-15 m.

If the water is deeper than 15 m, then a well will be more effective, if less than 12 m, then a well.

At the same time, the service life of both the well and the well is approximately the same - several decades with careful care.

When choosing where on your site there will be a source of life-giving moisture, do everything responsibly. Test your assumptions in several ways available to you and only then make your final choice. Have tasty and cool water!

One of the first things to do on a purchased plot of land is to equip your home with a water supply. How to find water for a well on a site? This question worries many summer residents and owners of private houses in the countryside.

The quality of life-giving moisture and its quantity is important for the life of animals, people and the state of vegetation on the site. If there is a well or well on the territory, you need to check their condition and, if necessary, repair the water well yourself or with the involvement of specialists. If there are no water supplies, you will have to start from scratch.

How to drill a well, where to start this work? To begin with, it would be good to find the place where the source will be located. How to find it? It is necessary to study the available information about the occurrence of liquids in the soil in a given area, and, if possible, look at hydrogeological maps of the area. In the depths of the earth there are reservoirs of different sizes.

They are formed among layers of stone and clay, located both vertically and horizontally. Sometimes they bend and take the most bizarre shapes. The reservoirs closest to the surface are formed due to melt and sediment waters. Their quality is quite low. In hot weather they often dry out. Water from them can only be used for technical needs, for example for watering plants.

403 Forbidden

403 Forbidden

nginx

Higher quality and purer moisture is contained in deep aquifers. They are located at a depth of 5-7 m from the surface. The liquid there is filtered through layers of sand and gravel. It is quite drinkable. The most valuable water lies at a depth of 30-50 m, it contains many different minerals and salts; A water well is installed with your own hands in precisely such places.

How to find a place for a well?

There are several ways to find a location for a well. Helpers in this matter can be:

1. Aluminum frame.
2. Willow vine.
3. Clay pot with silica gel.
4. Some indicator plants.

The aluminum frame is the basis of the most popular method. This device is very sensitive to magnetic vibrations, which can always be found in open areas. Water has a great influence on them. How to use the frame? To do this you need:

• take 2 pieces of aluminum wire 40 cm long;
• Bend 15 cm on each piece so that you get a right angle;
• insert the wire into the elderberry tubes;
• take the tubes with wire in your hands and walk with them around the area;
• in a place with water, the wires should turn in its direction;
• if it is under you, both wires will close;
• go several more times along other trajectories;
• if the wires meet at the same place, this is the exact place where the core passes.

You can make a water well with your own hands in the place indicated by the willow vine. Distant ancestors looked for moisture in this way and built their well. There was even a special profession called a dowser. Willow is a plant that senses water well. In any case, it reaches for the source of moisture. Use the vine like this:

• cut off a piece from the willow plant with 2 branches extending from the trunk;
• dry;
• take the dried section in your hands by the ends of the branches and spread them at an angle of about 150˚;
• point the end of the barrel slightly upward;
• you need to walk around the entire area with the vine;
• at the location of the vein the branch will go down.

403 Forbidden

403 Forbidden

nginx

Using clay pots is another old way of finding a place for a well. This method should be used like this:

• the clay vessel must be thoroughly dried in the sun;
• the dry product is turned over and installed upside down in the intended location of the well or well;
• fogging of the inner walls is evidence of the presence of water in the ground.

Currently, dried silica gel is poured into the pot and the pot is weighed. If it becomes much heavier after a few days, there is an aquifer underneath it.

Other ways to find a vein

A birch with a twisted trunk and a disproportionate crown also indicates high soil moisture. But pine grows in places where there is no water nearby. If there are such plants on your site, you can draw certain conclusions about the presence or absence of moisture in the soil layers.

Sometimes pets indicate the presence of water. Horses and dogs often start digging in damp areas. And the dog will never lie over the living area. But cats love to bask in this place.

A chicken will not lay eggs in areas with water. And domestic geese try to build their nests above the water. In the evenings, swarms of mosquitoes and midges stand over such places. Ants always avoid wet places.

You can also find water using salt and bricks. On a hot day with dry weather, dried salt or crushed red brick is poured into an unglazed clay pot. The container with the contents must be weighed.

The vessel is wrapped in gauze and buried at a depth of 0.5 m. After a day, the pot must be removed and weighed. The greater the difference in weight, the closer the vein with water is to the surface.

Fog often collects over areas with groundwater in the morning. The thicker its layers, the closer the water.

The most expensive method is to carry out test drilling of water wells. Drilling is carried out in several places on the site using an ordinary garden drill. This tool is the cheapest.

Well drilling

Do-it-yourself water in your home from a well is needed by all residents and pets. It is the basis of life. Without it, it is impossible to grow a good harvest in the garden. Every summer resident wants to install a water well with his own hands. After a source has been found at a depth of 8-10 m, the main work can begin. In this case, several rules should be followed:

1. A do-it-yourself water well must be isolated from compost heaps and cesspools. The distance to them cannot be less than 15 m.
2. The well should be located at some distance from the house, neighboring wells, and sheds.
3. It is not recommended to install a well or well near large trees and near power lines.

403 Forbidden

403 Forbidden

nginx

A water well can be drilled with your own hands using a garden drill with an auger diameter of 30 cm. It is necessary to arrange an entrance to the work site. It may be needed to transport pipes and other equipment. How to drill a water well on a site? This can be done manually or with a motorized drill. A kind of drilling rig can be built based on 3-4 pillars. This installation for wells allows you to equip various types of wells. One of them is a driving well.

You can use methods for drilling water wells with your own hands using industrial mobile installations. For them, an entrance must be equipped. With their help, you can drill a well with water under pressure with your own hands.

When drilling manually, the drilling tool is removed from the ground every 10-15 cm. This must be done so that the tool does not break. An ice drill can be used as a tool to drill holes in the ice. To drill a water well, pipes of different diameters, valves, and pumps are suitable. Methods for drilling wells can be very different, but the technology is approximately the same:

1. First, a hole is dug approximately 150x150 cm in size, 1-2 m deep . Its walls must be lined with boards, plywood or chipboard. This is the first stage of work.
2. A tripod made of wood or metal is installed above the pit . A winch is mounted on this tower. It will raise and lower the drilling tool, which includes a column of one and a half meter pipes and a drill. Pipe rods are connected using threads. You need to lift the drill with a winch after about 50-70 cm.
3. Different drills should be used . For clay soil, a spiral tool is more suitable; it is also called a coil tool. For hard soils, a drill bit is used. For sand - a drill-spoon. It is convenient to lift the soil upward using a bailer. While working with any drill, you can add a little water to the well to soften the soil.

After completion of drilling work, a filter column should be lowered into the well. It consists of:

• pipes;
• settling tank;
• directly from the filter.

The column can be used industrially or homemade. The filter is designed to protect water in the house from a well with your own hands from the penetration of sand and silt into it.

At the next stage, the well is pumped up. Using a centrifugal pump, water is pumped out of the pipe until it clears. The final stage is to immerse an electric pump in the well and connect the pipes through which water will flow into the house from the well with your own hands. All that remains is to properly exploit the water source.

403 Forbidden

403 Forbidden

nginx

Manual drilling of water wells has its advantages:

• relative cheapness;
• no need to make a wide drive to the work site;
• pump it faster;
• water can be obtained with a hand pump.

Conclusion on the topic

How to drill a well under water, how to make the well convenient to use and ensure its long service life? Such questions arise for many summer residents and owners of their own home outside the city. All of them are completely solvable. But one person cannot always cope with them.

A well is usually drilled using various tools. You can involve specialists in the work. There are about 10 ways to equip a water supply source, including hydro-drilling a water well with your own hands or drilling with a regular garden auger, ice auger or motorized auger. The passage may take 1 day, or maybe more. A lot of time is spent on the equipment of the upper part with pipes.

403 Forbidden

403 Forbidden

nginx

A small-diameter Abyssinian well is made very quickly. The main thing in this work is driving the pipe through the layer of quicksand. Its water reserves are limited. It is much better to build similar structures to extract water from a depth of 8-10 m.

Some owners of ready-made water supply devices have a question about why their hands turn black from water. Blackening of hands and pipes usually occurs due to the presence of excess manganese in the water.

It is much easier for several owners to unite and drill an artesian well. Specialists will do this work quickly. The costs, shared by everyone, will not be as high, and the water will be much cleaner.